A palindrome:
The word palindrome is from the Greek palíndromos, meaning running back again (palín = AGAIN + drom-, drameîn = RUN). A palindrome is a word or phrase which reads the same in both directions. Some simple examples are:
RACECAR DEED LEVEL PIP ROTOR CIVIC POP MADAM EYE NUN RADAR TOOT
The longest single English word in common usage which is a palindrome is REDIVIDER, although the contrived chemical term DETARTRATED is two letters longer.
A heteronym that is spelt the same as another word both forward and backwards.
source: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_words_that_are_spelled_the_same_forward_and_backward
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